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Quick Test Professional (QTP) is an automated functional Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing tool that allows the automation of user actions on a web or client based and desktop computer application. It is primarily used for functional regression test automation. QTP uses a scripting language built on top of VBScript to specify the test procedure, and to manipulate the objects and controls of the application under test.
Testing Process
QTP (QuickTest Professional) lets you create tests and business components by recording operations as you perform them in your application.
Test - A compilation of steps organized into one or more actions, which we can use to verify that our application performs as expected. A test is composed of actions (3 kinds of actions are there in QTP Non-reusable action, Reusable action and External action).
1) First step is Planning Before starting to build a test, you should plan it and prepare the required infrastructure. For example, determine the functionality you want to test, short tests that check specific functions of the application or complete site.Decide how you want to organize your object repositories.
2)Second step in QTP is Creating Tests or Components
We can create a test or component by
a) Either recording a session on your application or Web site.
As we navigate through the application or site, QuickTest graphically displays each step we perform as a row in the Keyword View. The Documentation column of the Keyword View also displays a description of each step in easy-to-understand sentences. A step is something that causes or makes a change in your site or application, such as clicking a link or image, or submitting a data form.
OR
b) Build an object repository and use these objects to add steps manually in the Keyword View or Expert View. We can then modify your test or component with special testing options and/or with programming statements.
Testing Process
QTP (QuickTest Professional) lets you create tests and business components by recording operations as you perform them in your application.
Test - A compilation of steps organized into one or more actions, which we can use to verify that our application performs as expected. A test is composed of actions (3 kinds of actions are there in QTP Non-reusable action, Reusable action and External action).
1) First step is Planning Before starting to build a test, you should plan it and prepare the required infrastructure. For example, determine the functionality you want to test, short tests that check specific functions of the application or complete site.Decide how you want to organize your object repositories.
2)Second step in QTP is Creating Tests or Components
We can create a test or component by
a) Either recording a session on your application or Web site.
As we navigate through the application or site, QuickTest graphically displays each step we perform as a row in the Keyword View. The Documentation column of the Keyword View also displays a description of each step in easy-to-understand sentences. A step is something that causes or makes a change in your site or application, such as clicking a link or image, or submitting a data form.
OR
b) Build an object repository and use these objects to add steps manually in the Keyword View or Expert View. We can then modify your test or component with special testing options and/or with programming statements.
3)Third step is Inserting checkpoints into your test or component. A checkpoint is a verification point that compares a recent value for a specified property with the expected value for that property. This enables you to identify whether the Web site or application is functioning correctly.
4)Fourth step is Broaden the scope of your test or component by replacing fixed values with parameters. To check how your application performs the same operations with different data you can parameterize your test or component. When you parameterize your test or component, QuickTest substitutes the fixed values in your test or component with parameters. Each run session that uses a different set of parameterized data is called an iteration.
4)Fourth step is Broaden the scope of your test or component by replacing fixed values with parameters. To check how your application performs the same operations with different data you can parameterize your test or component. When you parameterize your test or component, QuickTest substitutes the fixed values in your test or component with parameters. Each run session that uses a different set of parameterized data is called an iteration.
We can also use output values to extract data from our test or component. An output value is a value retrieved during the run session and entered into the Data Table or saved as a variable or a parameter. We can subsequently use this output value as input data in your test or component.
We can use many functional testing features of QuickTest to improve your test or component and/or add programming statements to achieve more complex testing goals.
5)Fifth step is running the test After creating test or component, we run it. Run test or component to check the site or application.
When we run the test or component, QuickTest connects to your Web site or application and performs each operation in a test or component, checking any text strings, objects, or tables you specified. If we parameterized the test with Data Table parameters, QuickTest repeats the test (or specific actions in your test) for each set of data values we defined. Run the test or component to debug it. We can control the run session to identify and eliminate defects in the test or component. We can use the Step Into,
Step Over, And Step Outcommands to run a test or component step by step. We can also set breakpoints to pause the test or component at pre-determined points. We can view the value of variables in the test or component each time it stops at a breakpoint in the Debug Viewer.
6)Sixth step is analyzing the results After we run test or component, we can view the results. ? View the results in the Results window. After running the test or component, we can view the results of the run in the Test Results window. We can view a summary of the results as well as a detailed report. Report defects identified during a run session. If Quality Center is installed, we can report the defects fond out to a database. We can instruct QuickTest to automatically report each failed step in the test or component, or we can report them manually from the Test Results window.
We can use many functional testing features of QuickTest to improve your test or component and/or add programming statements to achieve more complex testing goals.
5)Fifth step is running the test After creating test or component, we run it. Run test or component to check the site or application.
When we run the test or component, QuickTest connects to your Web site or application and performs each operation in a test or component, checking any text strings, objects, or tables you specified. If we parameterized the test with Data Table parameters, QuickTest repeats the test (or specific actions in your test) for each set of data values we defined. Run the test or component to debug it. We can control the run session to identify and eliminate defects in the test or component. We can use the Step Into,
Step Over, And Step Outcommands to run a test or component step by step. We can also set breakpoints to pause the test or component at pre-determined points. We can view the value of variables in the test or component each time it stops at a breakpoint in the Debug Viewer.
6)Sixth step is analyzing the results After we run test or component, we can view the results. ? View the results in the Results window. After running the test or component, we can view the results of the run in the Test Results window. We can view a summary of the results as well as a detailed report. Report defects identified during a run session. If Quality Center is installed, we can report the defects fond out to a database. We can instruct QuickTest to automatically report each failed step in the test or component, or we can report them manually from the Test Results window.
Explain Test object Model, test object and run-time object ?
Test object Model is a set of object types or Classes that QuickTest uses to represents the objects in our application. A test object class comprises of a list of properties that can individually (uniquely) identify objects of that class and a set of appropriate methods that QuickTest can record for it.
A test object is an object that QuickTest creates in the test to correspond to (represent) the actual object in the application. QuickTest uses the stored information about the object during the run session to identify and check the object.
A run-time object is the real (actual) object in the application or Web site on which methods are performed during the run session.
Test object Model is a set of object types or Classes that QuickTest uses to represents the objects in our application. A test object class comprises of a list of properties that can individually (uniquely) identify objects of that class and a set of appropriate methods that QuickTest can record for it.
A test object is an object that QuickTest creates in the test to correspond to (represent) the actual object in the application. QuickTest uses the stored information about the object during the run session to identify and check the object.
A run-time object is the real (actual) object in the application or Web site on which methods are performed during the run session.
Properties and methods of objects:
The property set for each test object is created and maintained by QuickTest. The property set for each run-time object is created and maintained by the object architect (creator) (Microsoft for Internet Explorer objects, Netscape for Netscape objects).
Similarly, methods of test objects are methods that QuickTest recognizes and records when they are executed (performed) on an object while we are recording, and that QuickTest executes when the test or component runs. Methods of Run-time object are the methods of the object in the application as defined by the object architect (creator). We can access and execute run-time object methods using the Object property.
Some important points to remember about methods and properties :
* Each test object method we execute (perform) while recording is recorded as a separate step in the test. When we run the test, QuickTest executes (performs) the recorded test object method on the run-time object.
* Properties of test object are captured from object while recording. QuickTest uses the values of these properties to identify runtime objects in the application during a run session.
* Property values of objects in the application may change .To make the test object property values match the property values of the run-time object, we can modify test object properties manually while designing the test or component or using SetTOProperty statements during a run session. We can also use regular expressions to identify property values.
* We can view or modify the test object property values that are stored with the test or component in the Object Properties or Object Repository dialog box.
* We can view the syntax of the test object methods as well as the run-time methods of any object on our desktop using the Methods tab of the Object Spy.
* We can retrieve or modify property values of the TEST OBJECT during the run session by adding GetTOProperty and SetTOProperty statements in the Keyword View or Expert View. We can retrieve property values of the RUNTIME OBJECT during the run session by adding GetROProperty statements.
If the available test object methods or properties for an object are not sufficient or they do not provide the functionality we need, we can access the internal methods and properties of any run-time object using the Object property. We can also use the attribute object property to identify Web objects in the application according to user-defined properties.
The property set for each test object is created and maintained by QuickTest. The property set for each run-time object is created and maintained by the object architect (creator) (Microsoft for Internet Explorer objects, Netscape for Netscape objects).
Similarly, methods of test objects are methods that QuickTest recognizes and records when they are executed (performed) on an object while we are recording, and that QuickTest executes when the test or component runs. Methods of Run-time object are the methods of the object in the application as defined by the object architect (creator). We can access and execute run-time object methods using the Object property.
Some important points to remember about methods and properties :
* Each test object method we execute (perform) while recording is recorded as a separate step in the test. When we run the test, QuickTest executes (performs) the recorded test object method on the run-time object.
* Properties of test object are captured from object while recording. QuickTest uses the values of these properties to identify runtime objects in the application during a run session.
* Property values of objects in the application may change .To make the test object property values match the property values of the run-time object, we can modify test object properties manually while designing the test or component or using SetTOProperty statements during a run session. We can also use regular expressions to identify property values.
* We can view or modify the test object property values that are stored with the test or component in the Object Properties or Object Repository dialog box.
* We can view the syntax of the test object methods as well as the run-time methods of any object on our desktop using the Methods tab of the Object Spy.
* We can retrieve or modify property values of the TEST OBJECT during the run session by adding GetTOProperty and SetTOProperty statements in the Keyword View or Expert View. We can retrieve property values of the RUNTIME OBJECT during the run session by adding GetROProperty statements.
If the available test object methods or properties for an object are not sufficient or they do not provide the functionality we need, we can access the internal methods and properties of any run-time object using the Object property. We can also use the attribute object property to identify Web objects in the application according to user-defined properties.
QTP - Tutorial